Although the number of Russian tourists in Egypt has declined in recent years, there are still enough people who want to spend their holidays on the Red Sea coast. And…
Before flying to the Seychelles: ∙ To enter the Seychelles, tourists who have not been vaccinated against Covid-19 must obtain a certificate in English of a negative PCR test for…
Blantyre is the second largest, oldest and largest city in the country, the center of the southern region and the business capital of Malawi. Ancient buildings and streets side by…
The knowledge of Sudan dates back to relatively modern times and except for what was learned from the Arabs at the end of the Middle Ages, its recognition by Europeans…
To see something different from Central America again, my husband and I decided to fly to Namibia this year. After long nights of planning with internet forums and travel guides,…
Reign of Haile Selassie I. After the death of Empress Zauditu (1916-30), Ras Teferi Makonnen ascended the throne in 1930 as Emperor Haile Selassie I. The Italian attack on Ethiopia…
CULTURE: LITERATURE. BANTU LANGUAGES The various Bantu languages had and still have an oral literary production for whose knowledge the work Three Solid Stones (1975) by Martha Muungi is fundamental….
ECONOMY Business etiquette Islamic customs should be respected. According to aristmarketing, many business people in Egypt speak English and French, but business cards in Arabic are welcome. Suits shouldn’t be…
There are daily reports in various media about the depletion of the ozone layer, climate change, dwindling freshwater resources, deforestation, acidification, desertification, air pollution and so on. When it comes…
Training From the very beginning, UNESCO has had as one of its most important goals that all people should learn to read and have access to education. The UN…
Zimbabwe owes its name to a city that was probably founded around 800 and later became the center of the Bantu empire Monomotapa (see Zimbabwe ruins). In the first half…
Early history up to the 19th century Archaeological finds indicate that the area of today’s Zambia was probably populated 50,000 to 70,000 years ago. From the 3rd century AD Bantu-speaking…
Kingdoms and British Protectorate In the area of what is now Uganda, various kingdoms ruled until the 19th century, among which Buganda (“Ganda-Land”) held a supremacy from the 17th century….
Early to modern times The area of today’s Tunisia was already around 5000 to 1300 BC. settled by tribes from the Central Sahara. The Berber people descended from these groups….
Early history According to archaeological finds, the area of today’s Tanzania is one of the oldest settlement areas of mankind. For example, skull bones of the so-called prehistoric man (Australopithecus…
The territory of the Kingdom of Swaziland was probably populated by San in pre-Christian times. Around 1400, Bantu-speaking peoples immigrated to southern Africa, including Zulu, Sotho, Tswana and Xhosa. From…
The state territory of today’s Sudan is one of the oldest settlement areas in Africa. Until the 9th century BC it belonged to the Egyptian Empire as Nubia and played…
Even before the Christian era began, members of the San and the Khoikhoi probably lived in South Africa. Their origin is not known, a relationship between the two peoples is…
Beginnings Probably was already on the Somali peninsula in the 3rd millennium BC. an empire called Punt, with which Egypt traded (myrrh, incense) and which was populated by various Bantu…
Middle ages Singapore has only been an independent state since 1965. Before that, its history was closely linked to that of Malaysia. In the 7th century, today’s main island of…
Medieval to modern times From the 8th century AD the area of what is now Sierra Leone was populated by the Bulom cattle breeding and farming. Over the centuries, the…
Discovery and settlement Arab sailors probably entered the Seychelles as early as the 7th century. Even when the Portuguese seafarer Vasco da Gama discovered the archipelago at the beginning of…
Early to middle ages The earliest traces of settlement on the banks of the Senegal River are dated to the Paleolithic. In the 6th century AD the area of today’s…
The two islands were discovered by Portuguese seafarers in 1470, and were probably uninhabited until then. The larger of the two islands was later named after the day of the…
Before around the 8th century AD. Gradually the Hutu Bantu people immigrated to what is now Rwanda, and it was populated by pygmies who lived as hunters and gatherers. The…
Beginnings The Congo basin was originally populated by pygmies, probably from the 2nd century AD. were pushed back into inaccessible areas by immigrant Bantu peoples. The Bantu people lived from…
Middle Ages to the 19th century There were many different kingdoms in what is now Nigeria: in the 8th century, the Haussa people settled in the north and set up…
The area of what is now the Republic of Niger was probably settled in the Paleolithic Age. From the time of the European Middle Ages, there were several large empires…
Since at least 6000 BC members of the San lived in the area of present-day Namibia as collectors and small animal hunters. Around 500 AD various Bantu-speaking peoples such as…
Early to middle ages Bushmen (pygmies) lived in southern Africa 8000 years ago. Around 2500 years ago, Bantu-speaking tribes immigrated to the region of today’s Mozambique and lived there as…
Early history to late antiquity Around the 2nd millennium BC the area of what is now Morocco was populated by various cattle breeding Berber tribes. From 1200 BC The Phoenician…
Discovery and settlement The island of Mauritius was probably already in the 10th century AD. entered by Arab seafarers but not populated. It was discovered by the Portuguese seafarer Pedro…
Early The oldest archaeological finds on Mauritanian territory indicate early settlements in the Neolithic. Light-skinned nomadic Berber tribes inhabited from 2000 BC. the north of the country, while Negroid Wolof…
Medieval to modern times In the 7th century AD The Kingdom of Ghana (Gana) developed in the southwest of today’s Republic of Mali, which expanded rapidly due to the lively…
Before Bantu speaking peoples from around the 6th century AD. began to colonize the area of what is now Malawi, presumably smaller groups of a people related to the San…
Early period until the 19th century The first settlement of the island by Indonesian sailors of Malay-Polynesian origin probably took place in the first century AD. From the beginning of…
Around 2000 years before the beginning of the Christian era, members of Berber tribes lived in the region of what is now Libya; these were already referred to as Libyans…
In 1461, Portuguese sailors first reached the coasts of Liberia, which became known as the Pepper Coast in the centuries that followed. The spice obtained on the west coast between…
Little is known of the indigenous people of Lesotho, the San. From the 15th century, Bantu-speaking peoples such as Zulu, Sotho, Tswana, Xhosa immigrated to the southern part of Africa….
Prehistory and Swahili culture The area of today’s Kenya is one of the oldest settlement areas on earth. Archaeological finds on Lake Turkana have been dated to be around 1.5…
Beginnings up to the 19th century In the south of the country, there were no larger state structures before colonization, individual tribes inhabited the rainforest and lagoon area. This was…
Bushmen (pygmies) living as hunters and gatherers were probably the first to colonize the area of today’s Guinea-Bissau before the Christian era. From the middle of the first millennium AD…
Probably the rainforest areas in today’s Republic of Guinea were populated by pygmies who lived as hunters and gatherers before the Christian era. In the first millennium AD various cattle…
Pre-colonial times The oldest traces of settlement in Ghana are around 30,000 to 40,000 years old and were discovered near Tema on the coast. Further archaeological finds in the Brong-Ahafo…
Early The first traces of settlement in the estuary of the Gambia River are dated back to the Stone Age. The oldest written record of the area dates from the…
Pre-colonial times Little is known about the pre-colonial events in what is now the state’s territory, which is partly due to the fact that the tribes originally living in the…
Beginnings Around 400 BC Semitic immigrants from South Arabia settled in the Horn of Africa. In the 1st century AD In the area of what is now Ethiopia was the…
Beginnings Until independence was achieved in 1993, Eritrea belonged to neighboring Ethiopia. Around 400 BC immigrants from southern Arabia settled in the Horn of Africa. In the 2nd century AD…
Beginnings Bantu-speaking peoples, who lived mainly from migrant agriculture and cattle breeding, probably settled from around 1000 AD. the area of today’s Equatorial Guinea. In the second half of the…
Prematurely The oldest surviving traces of settlement on Egyptian soil date from around 60,000 BC when the Sahara dried up and the Nile Valley formed. The Paleolithic culture of Egypt…